Knowledge Center

Footnotes are not mandatory according to APA 7^th edition. However, you are able to use them if you need to provide additional information, content notes, or copyright attribution. 

PowerPoint presentations have information on a broad range of topics that you may be able to use. Just like any other type of source that you will use for research, they need to be cited. 

According to APA 7^th edition guidelines, the notes that you take when listening to a lecture in your class are considered personal communications because they are unpublished and non-retrievable. Check with your instructor before using lecture notes as they may not regard them as suitable for your paper.

When setting up your papers in APA 7^th edition format, you will need to adhere to a number of rules that relate to various parts of your document. Although your university or dissertation chair may require other rules for indentation, these are usually the main ones that should be followed. 

When doing research, you may want to cite an interview that discusses your topic. These interviews are considered a part of scholarly writing, so APA has several guidelines for citing them. 

TED Talks provide presentations on a variety of subjects. Many of their videos are evidence-based, so you may want to use when doing research. APA 7^th edition provides details about how to cite TED Talks in different formats.